Quad Biking in the Thar Desert: An Ultimate Off-Road Adventure

 

When people think of the Thar Desert in Rajasthan, they often picture vast stretches of golden sand, camels walking across dunes, and traditional folk music echoing under starlit skies. While all of that still holds true, a more thrilling and adrenaline-pumping activity is gaining popularity in this timeless desert—quad biking. This off-road adventure combines speed, excitement, and desert exploration in a way that’s both unique and unforgettable.

What is Quad Biking?

Quad biking, also known as ATV (All-Terrain Vehicle) riding, involves navigating a four-wheeled bike over challenging landscapes. The Thar Desert, with its endless dunes and rugged terrain, is the perfect setting for this high-energy sport. Whether you're a first-time rider or an experienced thrill-seeker, quad biking in the Thar offers an unmatched adventure.

Where to Experience Quad Biking in the Thar Desert

Jaisalmer, the golden city of Rajasthan, is the hub for desert adventure sports, including quad biking. Many desert camps and tour operators around the Sam Sand Dunes and Khuri Sand Dunes offer professionally guided quad bike rides. These excursions vary in length, from short 15-minute rides to extended 30- or 60-minute explorations across deeper dunes.

Most rides begin from a desert base camp where guests are given a safety briefing and fitted with helmets and gear. Trained instructors accompany you or guide your route, ensuring safety and making it enjoyable for all age groups.

What Makes Quad Biking Special in the Thar Desert?

The Thar Desert's landscape is a dynamic mix of towering sand dunes, rocky trails, and open plains. As you ride, the quad bike kicks up golden dust, and the winds whip around you—creating a raw, elemental experience. Riding over dunes requires balance, quick reactions, and a sense of adventure. Every twist and turn brings you face-to-face with a different view: the endless horizon, scattered desert shrubs, or maybe even a passing camel caravan.

Sunrise and sunset rides are especially popular because the shifting light creates a magical ambiance. Watching the golden sun dip behind the dunes while revving across the terrain is a moment that combines peace with power.

Is Quad Biking Safe?

Yes, quad biking in the Thar Desert is safe—when done under proper supervision. Operators in Jaisalmer ensure that safety measures are strictly followed. Riders are briefed on how to handle the bike, and in many cases, first-time bikers are accompanied by guides or given training loops before the actual ride.

Kids and non-drivers can also enjoy the adventure as tandem rides (with a guide) are available. The bikes are regularly maintained, and trails are monitored to avoid dangerous zones.

Who Can Try It?

Anyone over the age of 12 can usually participate in solo rides, while younger kids can join with an adult on a dual-seat ATV. No special driving license is required, making it accessible to domestic and international tourists alike. Whether you are traveling solo, with friends, or with family, quad biking is a great group activity.

Combo with Other Desert Adventures

Quad biking is often paired with other exciting desert experiences such as:

• Camel safari

• Dune bashing in 4x4 vehicles

• Parasailing

• Sandboarding

• Cultural evening with folk music and dance

Most desert camps offer combo packages, making it easy to plan a full day of fun and excitement in the desert.

Tips for Quad Biking in the Thar

• Wear comfortable clothes that you don’t mind getting dusty.

• Bring sunglasses and sunscreen—the desert sun is intense.

• Stay hydrated and drink water before and after your ride.

• Listen carefully to the instructor during the briefing.

• Don’t try stunts unless supervised—the desert terrain can be deceptive.

Cost and Booking

Prices for quad biking vary depending on duration and package. A short 15-minute ride might cost ₹500–₹700, while longer rides can go up to ₹1500–₹2500. It's best to book in advance, especially during the tourist season (October to March), to ensure availability and get better rates.

 

Kuldhara Village Visit by SUV Car hire in Jaisalmer

 Kuldhara Village Visit by SUV Car hire in Jaisalmer

The Journey from Jaisalmer to Kuldhara

The road to Kuldhara is well-paved for most of the route, but the last few kilometers turn rugged, where an SUV proves useful. Along the way, you'll drive past vast stretches of barren land, occasional sand dunes, and thorny desert shrubs — a scenic drive that builds anticipation.

Kuldhara was once a prosperous village of Paliwal Brahmins, known for their agriculture and architecture. According to legend, the entire village of over 80 families vanished overnight around the early 19th century. The most popular story claims that the villagers left to protect their honor from a tyrannical ruler, Salim Singh, who wanted to marry a local girl against her will.

you can explore the abandoned stone homes, narrow lanes, and crumbling temples. The government has restored parts of the village to offer insight into the layout and lifestyle of the past.

The silence of the desert, broken only by the wind and your footsteps, creates a haunting yet captivating atmosphere. There are viewpoints that offer panoramic views of the village ruins and the vast desert beyond

Tips for the Trip

• Best Time to Visit: October to March, during cooler months.

• Duration: Half-day trip (3–4 hours).

• Inclusions: Some rentals offer refreshments, guide services, and detours to nearby desert camps.

• Timings: The village is open from sunrise to sunset.

Exploring Kuldhara and Gadsisar Lake by Tempo Traveller in Jaisalmer

 Exploring Kuldhara and Gadsisar Lake by Tempo Traveller in Jaisalmer

Kuldhara Village and Gadsisar Lake stand out for their unique stories and serene ambiance. Traveling to these destinations in a Tempo Traveller provides both comfort and a touch of adventure, making it an ideal way for families or groups to explore.

A Tempo Traveller is a popular mode of transport for tourists in Rajasthan, especially for groups ranging from 8 to 20 people. Spacious interiors, cushioned seating, AC options, and ample storage make it ideal for exploring desert roads without fatigue. It offers the flexibility to plan your schedule, stop along scenic routes, and travel comfortably even under the blazing Rajasthani sun. 

The Journey to Kuldhara

As your Tempo Traveller cruises down the desert road, the landscape begins to shift—modernity fades, and an ancient stillness takes over. The golden sands of the Thar Desert stretch endlessly on both sides. Your driver might point out camels grazing in the distance or a lone chinkara darting across the dunes.

Upon reaching the site, you’ll find a ticket booth and a small entrance arch that welcomes you to the historical village. The roads within the complex are dusty but well-kept, and the stone ruins are accessible by foot. The vehicle can be parked at the entrance, with ample space available.

Exploring the Ruins

Walking through Kuldhara feels like stepping into a ghost story. Stone houses without roofs, narrow alleyways, and a central temple form the layout of the village. Many houses still have their outer walls intact, giving you a sense of how life might have been centuries ago. The silence is profound, interrupted only by the wind rustling through the ruins.

Stop 2: Gadsisar Lake – The Oasis of Jaisalmer

After the raw mystique of Kuldhara, your Tempo Traveller winds back toward Jaisalmer, heading east to Gadsisar Lake, located just 2 km from Jaisalmer Fort.

Your vehicle can park just outside the lake area, with shops, cafes, and camel ride services nearby. From the entrance, the lake's tranquil waters invite you with reflections of carved balconies, domed pavilions, and flocks of birds flying above.

Things to Do at Gadsisar Lake

1. Boating

Paddle boats and rowboats are available for hire. Drifting in the middle of the lake offers an unmatched view of the surroundings, including migratory birds and heritage structures dotting the banks. The boat ride is especially magical during sunrise or sunset, when the sky mirrors its colors on the water.

2. Visit the Temples and Chhatris

Several small shrines surround the lake, the most famous being the Tilon ki Pol, a gateway built by a courtesan. It features intricate carvings and serves as the main entrance to the lake. Other small temples add to the spiritual and historical vibe of the area.

3. Bird Watching

Gadsisar is a haven for bird lovers. During the winter months, the lake attracts migratory species including Siberian cranes and flamingos. Even in summer, egrets, kingfishers, and herons can be spotted.

4. Photography and Leisure

The golden architecture against the shimmering lake is a photographer’s dream. Whether you’re an amateur or a professional, every angle offers a postcard-worthy shot. 

Enjoy Luxury Camp Stay in Jaisalmer – A Journey into Desert Royalty

When you think of Jaisalmer, the “Golden City” of Rajasthan, visions of majestic forts, golden sand dunes, and royal Rajput charm come to mind. While the historic Jaisalmer Fort and the Havelis are captivating, the true soul of Jaisalmer lies in its vast Thar Desert—and what better way to experience it than by indulging in a luxury camp stay beneath the open desert sky?

A stay in a luxury desert camp is not just accommodation—it is an immersive cultural, culinary, and natural adventure that blends comfort, romance, and Rajasthani tradition. Here's what makes a luxury camp stay in Jaisalmer a dream experience.

---

Arrival at the Desert Camps – Gateway to Serenity

Most luxury desert camps are located around Sam Sand Dunes, about 40 km from the main city of Jaisalmer. After a scenic drive through the desert, where the golden hues of the landscape shift with the sun’s position, you arrive at your luxury oasis in the sands.

From the moment you step into the camp, you are welcomed with traditional Rajasthani hospitality—aarti, tikka, garlands, and welcome drinks. The warm smiles of the staff and the gentle desert breeze set the tone for a relaxing and royal retreat.

---

Opulent Tents with Modern Comforts

Forget rough camping—luxury desert tents in Jaisalmer redefine comfort. These tents are spacious, beautifully furnished, and offer modern amenities while preserving a rustic charm. Think king-size beds, wooden furniture, attached western-style bathrooms, and even air conditioning or heaters, depending on the season.

The décor is inspired by Rajasthani royal aesthetics, with colorful upholstery, hand-embroidered fabrics, lantern lighting, and traditional artifacts. The tents are typically arranged in clusters with open courtyards, offering both privacy and community vibes.

Some of the best-known luxury camps include The Serai, Rajputana Desert Camp, Jaisalmer Desert Resort, and Sujan’s The Serai, which offer ultra-luxury stays with spa services, fine dining, and private dune experiences.

---

Camel Safari – The Signature Desert Experience

No desert stay is complete without a camel safari across the dunes. As the sun begins to set, you mount a decorated camel and sway gently into the golden expanse. The camel ride offers a unique way to experience the tranquility of the desert, where the only sounds are the gentle winds and the soft padding of camel feet on sand.

Sunset over the dunes is a magical sight—the sky turns shades of pink, orange, and purple, casting a surreal glow over the endless sands. It’s a moment to treasure, perfect for photography or quiet reflection.

---

Evening Cultural Extravaganza

Once you return from the camel ride, the luxury camp transforms into a cultural carnival. As the sun dips below the horizon, folk musicians and dancers take the stage near the bonfire. Dressed in vibrant traditional attire, the performers showcase Kalbeliya, Ghoomar, and other Rajasthani folk dances, accompanied by the soulful rhythms of the sarangi, dhol, and algoza.

Guests are welcome to join the dance, clap along, or simply enjoy the performances while sipping masala chai or a local drink. It’s a mesmerizing atmosphere—alive with color, music, and joy.

---

Rajasthani Dinner under the Stars

Dinner at a luxury camp is a culinary delight. Under a star-lit sky, you are treated to an elaborate buffet or a-la-carte meal that includes traditional Rajasthani dishes like dal baati churma, ker sangri, gatte ki sabzi, laal maas, and bajra roti, along with continental options.

Many camps offer private dining setups with candle-lit tables on the dunes or by the campfire, ideal for honeymooners or those celebrating special occasions.

---

Stargazing and Tranquil Night Stay

Post dinner, the real magic of the desert unfolds. Far from city lights, the night sky is a canvas of stars. Whether you're lying on a charpai outside your tent or enjoying the silence from your private sit-out, stargazing in the Thar Desert is a soul-stirring experience.

The cool desert breeze, the faint sounds of a distant folk tune, and the shimmering stars create a surreal and romantic setting. It’s no surprise that many couples and honeymooners choose Jaisalmer’s luxury camps for an unforgettable escape.

---

Morning in the Desert

Waking up in the desert is serene. As dawn breaks, the sky turns soft pink and golden. Some camps offer yoga sessions, breakfast on the dunes, or early morning jeep safaris to spot desert wildlife like chinkaras and desert foxes.

After a refreshing breakfast, it’s time to check out—or perhaps extend your stay, because once you’ve experienced this desert luxury, leaving becomes the hardest part.

Visit the Golden City of Jaisalmer with a Luxury Car and Driver

 

Nestled in the heart of the Thar Desert, Jaisalmer, famously known as the Golden City, is a stunning jewel of Rajasthan. With its magnificent sandstone architecture, majestic fort, historic havelis, and sweeping desert dunes, Jaisalmer offers an exotic blend of heritage, adventure, and culture. Exploring this regal city in a luxury car with a professional driver adds an unmatched level of comfort, style, and convenience — ideal for travelers who seek a seamless and sophisticated experience.

---

Why Choose a Luxury Car with Driver in Jaisalmer?

Traveling through the narrow lanes of Jaisalmer or gliding across desert highways becomes a pleasure when done in a well-appointed luxury vehicle. Whether it’s a Toyota Fortuner, Innova Crysta, BMW, Audi, or Mercedes, luxury cars provide spacious interiors, superior air conditioning, and smooth suspension — perfect for Rajasthan’s varying terrain. And with an experienced local driver, you don’t have to worry about directions, parking, or traffic. Your driver can also serve as a knowledgeable guide, offering insights about places and stories you might otherwise miss.

---

Day 1: Arrival and Royal Welcome

Your journey begins the moment you arrive in Jaisalmer — either by train, flight, or from a nearby city like Jodhpur. Your chauffeur-driven luxury car awaits you at the station or airport with cold water, welcome garlands, and a comfortable ride into the city. Drive past the bustling bazaars and get your first glimpse of Sonar Quila, the famous Jaisalmer Fort, glowing golden in the desert sun.

Check in to a luxury hotel or heritage haveli, where tradition meets opulence. Options like Suryagarh, Marriott Jaisalmer, or Fort Rajwada offer royal hospitality with modern comforts.

In the evening, take a short luxury drive to Gadisar Lake, a serene historic reservoir surrounded by temples and ghats. Enjoy a boat ride or simply watch the sun dip below the horizon, casting a golden glow over the city.

---

Day 2: Heritage Tour in Comfort

Start your day with a hearty Rajasthani breakfast and then head out in your luxury car to explore the city’s architectural marvels. Your driver navigates you through the old city’s winding roads to visit:

• Jaisalmer Fort – One of the few living forts in the world, home to palaces, temples, shops, and families. Its golden sandstone walls shine under the sun, creating a breathtaking view.

• Patwon Ki Haveli – A collection of elaborately carved mansions that showcase the artistic brilliance of Jaisalmer’s merchants.

• Salim Singh Ki Haveli & Nathmal Ki Haveli – Intricately designed homes with balconies and facades that reflect the opulence of bygone eras.

Your driver waits conveniently nearby, ready to take you to lunch at a rooftop restaurant with a fort view. Later, explore the local bazaars for embroidered textiles, leather goods, silver jewelry, and stone carvings — your car ready to carry back all your treasures with ease.

---

Day 3: Desert Safari in Style

No trip to Jaisalmer is complete without a visit to the Sam or Khuri Sand Dunes. With your luxury car and driver, travel 40–50 kilometers outside the city in style. On the way, you can stop at Kuldhara, the mysterious abandoned village frozen in time.

Reach your desert camp by late afternoon and gear up for an evening camel safari or a thrilling 4x4 jeep safari across the dunes. Watch a mesmerizing desert sunset, then enjoy a traditional Rajasthani cultural evening with folk music, Kalbelia dance, and a royal dinner under the stars.

After the festivities, your driver is at your service — whether you're staying overnight at the desert camp or prefer to return to your hotel.

---

Benefits of a Chauffeured Luxury Experience

• Comfort: Travel in a climate-controlled vehicle with leather seating and ample legroom.

• Privacy: Enjoy your journey at your pace, away from crowded tours.

• Flexibility: Stop anywhere, adjust your itinerary, and explore offbeat locations with ease.

• Local Expertise: Your driver knows the routes, best timings, and hidden gems.

• Safety: Licensed drivers and well-maintained vehicles ensure a secure experience for solo, couple, or family travelers.

Longewala Museum: Your Guide To This Landmark Of Bravery And Glory

The enchanting city of Jaisalmer beckons travellers with its mesmerising golden dunes and magnificent desert forts. As you step into the beautiful city of Jaisalmer, you are transported to a bygone era, where the echoes of the Rajputana rulers and tales of bravery resonate through the narrow lanes and sandstone structures.

Amidst the rich tapestry of this historic city, the Longewala War Memorial stands as a testament to the bravery and sacrifice of the Indian armed forces. This iconic memorial holds a significant place in the history of India, reminding visitors of the bravery exhibited during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

All about the Longewala War Memorial

The Longewala War Memorial, located about 150 kilometres from Jaisalmer, commemorates the Battle of Longewala, fought between the Indian Army and the Pakistan Army in December 1971. The battle is known for its unparalleled display of courage and resilience by a small Indian contingent that successfully repelled a much larger Pakistani force.

Despite being heavily outnumbered and outgunned, the Indian soldiers, under the leadership of Major Kuldip Singh Chandpuri, showed extraordinary bravery, refusing to back down.

To honour the incredible bravery shown during the Battle of Longewala, a special place was created right at the battlefield called the Longewala War Memorial. This memorial is a tribute to the courageous soldiers who died to protect our nation.

It serves as a reminder of their sacrifice and inspires generations to come, reminding us all to hold onto the values of bravery, patriotism, and selflessness.

#Trivia: The Hindi super-hit Bollywood movie 'Border' is based on the war of Longewala.

The memorial is strategically situated near the border between India and Pakistan, giving one a glimpse into the intense conflict in the arid Thar Desert.

Visiting this memorial is not just a chance to learn about India's military history but also fills you with deep respect and gratitude for the courageous individuals who stood up for our nation during challenging times.

The Longewala War Memorial is a timeless symbol of bravery and inspires everyone who visits, reminding us of the unbeatable spirit that defines our Indian armed forces.

1. Best time to visit the Longewala War Memorial

The winter season provides the most favourable conditions to explore the Longewala War Memorial. Visiting during the winter allows you to avoid the scorching heat of the Thar Desert, which surrounds the memorial. The cool and relatively dry climate of the winter season ensures a more comfortable visit and enhances your overall experience.

How to reach the Longewala War Memorial?

The Longewala War Memorial is 30 km from Ramgarh, Rajasthan. You can easily hire a taxi or cab from top car rental companies in Jaisalmer to reach the memorial.

By Road: Local buses and transport are easily available in Rajasthan because of its touristy nature. Hence you can travel through them.

By Rail: The Jaisalmer railway station is 111.6 km from the memorial. You can reach the city from almost all cities in India. It would be preferable to book a bus or travel by car to visit the place.

By Air: The Jaisalmer airport is 125 km away from the memorial. Pre Book your flights to get a good rate to spend a vacation or holiday in Jaisalmer. You can hire a cab or take the local transport to reach the museum during the day.

Unlike other sightseeing places of Jaisalmer, visiting the Longewala War Memorial is a poignant experience that evokes a deep sense of patriotism and reverence for the heroes who safeguarded the nation's integrity. It serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by the Indian armed forces and their unwavering commitment to the country's defence.

While exploring the captivating city of Jaisalmer, a trip to the Longewala War Memorial is a must for history enthusiasts and those seeking a deeper understanding of India's rich military heritage. Book a Jaisalmer tour package with Jaisalmer Tourism, a division of Holidays DNA and get ready to explore this timeless beauty. To get in touch with us, please fill the Contact Us form.

Architecture of the Longewala War Memorial

The memorial complex comprises a museum, a gallery, and military equipment used during the battle.

Upon entering the memorial, visitors are greeted by the heroic tale of the Battle of Longewala through vivid displays, photographs, and artefacts. The museum showcases weapons, uniforms, personal belongings, and other remnants from the war, offering a profound insight into the hardships soldiers face on both sides.

The memorial proudly displays the famous T59, Sherman tanks and other military equipment used in the battle, keeping the memory of that historic event alive.

Inside the memorial, there's a museum where you can see photographs and artefacts and hear personal stories of the brave soldiers who fought in the battle. As you explore, you'll come across a memorial pillar and an eternal flame, symbolising our everlasting gratitude for the sacrifices made by those courageous individuals.

The highlight of the Longewala War Memorial is the preserved Vijayanta Tank, which played a crucial role in repelling the Pakistani forces during the battle. This tank stands as a silent sentinel, paying homage to the gallantry of the Indian Army and serving as a symbol of India's triumph in the face of adversity.

Entry Fees and Timings of the Longewala War Memorial

Entry to the Longewala War Memorial is completely free of cost. The memorial is open every day of the week from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm. If you wish to watch the war film, there is a Rs. 40 fee.

 

Jaisalmer SUV Cars Tourism – Explore the Golden City with Power and Comfort

           Jaisalmer SUV Cars Tourism – Explore the Golden City with Power and Comfort

Located in the heart of the Thar Desert, Jaisalmer, also known as the Golden City, is one of the most fascinating travel destinations in Rajasthan. With its majestic forts, golden sandstone architecture, ancient havelis, and endless sand dunes, Jaisalmer offers a unique combination of history, culture, and desert adventure. To fully experience the grandeur of this desert wonderland, SUV cars have become a popular and practical choice for tourists. Offering power, comfort, and off-road capabilities, SUV tourism in Jaisalmer is the ideal way to explore both the city and its remote desert attractions.

Why Choose an SUV for Touring Jaisalmer?

Traveling across the sandy landscapes, rugged terrains, and remote villages around Jaisalmer requires a vehicle that is powerful, spacious, and capable of handling various road conditions. SUVs like Toyota Fortuner, Mahindra Scorpio, Thar, Innova Crysta, and other 4x4 vehicles are preferred by both domestic and international tourists for several reasons:

• Comfortable Ride: The suspension system of SUVs provides a smooth and comfortable ride, especially during long journeys and bumpy roads.

• Off-Road Capability: Ideal for desert safaris and visiting remote areas like Sam Sand Dunes and Khuri.

• Ample Space: Perfect for families or groups, SUVs offer large luggage space and comfortable seating.

• Air Conditioning: Essential for Rajasthan’s hot climate, a reliable AC system in SUVs makes travel easier.

• Safety: Strong build quality and higher seating position ensure better visibility and safety on rough roads.

Key Destinations to Explore with an SUV in Jaisalmer

1. Jaisalmer Fort

Start your journey with a visit to the Jaisalmer Fort, one of the few “living forts” in the world. Known locally as Sonar Qila, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a stunning example of yellow sandstone architecture. While SUVs may not enter the narrow inner lanes, parking outside the fort and walking up allows easy access for exploration.

2. Patwon Ki Haveli and Salim Singh Ki Haveli

These historic havelis showcase intricate carvings and rich heritage. Traveling in an SUV allows you to cover multiple havelis and markets in one day comfortably.

3. Sam Sand Dunes

Located about 40 km from the city, Sam Sand Dunes is a highlight of Jaisalmer tourism. The sandy terrain is best accessed with an SUV, especially for dune bashing and off-road desert safaris. Many tour operators offer SUV rides directly onto the dunes, which is both thrilling and safe.

4. Khuri Village

A quieter alternative to Sam, Khuri is perfect for experiencing rustic desert life. The road can be patchy in places, so an SUV makes the journey smooth. Enjoy camel rides, local food, and cultural performances.

5. Tanot Mata Temple and Longewala

Further from the city, the Tanot Mata Temple and Longewala war memorial (from the 1971 Indo-Pak war) are popular among history buffs and patriots. The roads here pass through desert regions near the border, and a sturdy SUV is essential for a safe and efficient drive.

6. Desert National Park

Ideal for wildlife enthusiasts, this park features endangered species like the Great Indian Bustard. Visiting the park in a 4x4 SUV allows better access to remote viewing points and rough trails.

SUV Tour Packages and Rentals

Many local travel agencies in Jaisalmer offer SUV rental services with experienced drivers. Options include:

• Self-Drive SUVs (with proper documentation)

• Chauffeur-Driven SUVs for guided tours

• Customized SUV packages for desert safaris, cultural tours, and multiday itineraries

Popular vehicles include:

• Toyota Fortuner

• Mahindra Scorpio/NX

• Thar 4x4 (perfect for dune adventures)

• Innova Crysta (ideal for family comfort)

Packages can be booked for half-day, full-day, or multi-day desert tours, often bundled with activities like camel rides, cultural programs, camping, and bonfires.

Best Time to Visit and Tour in SUVs

The ideal time to explore Jaisalmer is from October to March, when the weather is pleasant. During this time, SUVs offer an excellent mix of comfort and adventure, especially for visitors coming for:

• Desert Festival (February)

• Photography tours

• Luxury desert camping

Tips for Tourists Choosing SUV Travel

• Book in advance during peak seasons to ensure availability.

• Verify permits and papers if driving near border areas like Tanot.

• Choose experienced drivers familiar with desert terrain.

• Carry water, sunscreen, and a hat for daytime travel.

• Respect local customs when visiting villages or rural areas.